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Allium sativum, commonly known as garlic, is a species in the onion genus, Allium. Its close relatives include the onion, shallot, leek, chive, and rakkyo.

There are also two main subspecies.

  • Ophioscorodon, or hard necked garlic, includes porcelain garlics, rocambole garlic, and purple stripe garlics.
  • Sativum, or soft necked garlic, includes artichoke garlic, silverskin garlic, and creole garlic.

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